The idea was that at least one of the people with a STEN should be in place for the actual attack (if a mortar wasn’t used). In the category of the submachine gun, the United States military had its Thompson, the Germans had the MP40, the Soviets had the PPSh-41 and the British had the Sten Gun. http://firearms.96.lt/pages/Dinely.html, Nice overview, really enjoyed the video, just one question…. What can you say about sub-machine gun designed by other Polish designer – Dr. Jurek: http://firearms.96.lt/pages/Jurek.html The third and final version was hurriedly designed in 1951 to meet new General Staff specifications and was inferior to the previous prototypes as a result. Lord Cohen: "Why was it called the Sten?" These are only estimates and firstly member of Resistance must be defined. We owned 1000 acres so shootin was no problem The Sten was one of the few weapons that the State of Israel could produce domestically during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Flag images indicative of country of origin and not necessarily the primary operator. The Sterling submachine gun is a British submachine gun. It had a longer barrel, redesigned bolt that regulated the fire rate to around 600rpm, bayonet fittings, and the detachable stock feature. In Belarus they had extensive woods workshops where they made a couple of dozen of various smg models; copies and variants of ppsh, pps, mp40,ppd, etc. This means the bolt remains to the rear when the weapon is cocked, and on pulling the trigger the bolt moves forward from spring pressure, stripping the round from the magazine, chambering it and firing the weapon all in the same movement. -ТКБ-0102 (Рыжов) Initially he went to Romania and then to France before finally settling in Britain, where he joined the Army. The idea being that the left for-arm would support the magazine and stop its weight rolling the gun over leftwards. Thanks. Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy. Seems a bit surprising, and I have never heard this about the Sterling SMG. The. American insistence on .30 as an absolute minimum calibre and the same energy at 2000 yards as .30-06 m2 (which is actually less than .303 mkvii and mkviii delivered due to the crappy ballistic coefficient of the 150 grain bullet. And then another model with an even shorter barrel ? Later in life Jurek left W&S and set up his own repair shop where he hand-built target pistols for competition shooting. During the Zapatista movement in 1994 some Zapatista soldiers were armed with Sten guns. The conventional army didn’t use it. I had some exposure to CDN version of Sterling and found it reasonably sophisticated. This was also not quite ideal, but usually better than trying to use the SMGs for suppression at over 100 meter ranges. -The MCEM submachine gun you displayed in the video was, in fact, not the MCEM-2, but the MCEM-6. But maybe it was just that particular item. It was tested with the British Army in 1944–1945 as a replacement for the Sten but it did not start to replace it until 1953. This might be caused by: There are a total of [ 70 ] WW2 British Guns entries in the Military Factory. A well-maintained (and properly functioning) Sten gun was a devastating close-range weapon for sections previously armed only with bolt-action rifles. [17] Firing the Sten by grasping the magazine with the supporting hand tended to wear the magazine catch, altering the angle of feed and causing a failure to feed: the correct method of holding the weapon was as with a rifle, the left hand cradling the fore piece. The Sten shared design features, such as its side-mounted magazine configuration, with the Royal Navy's Lanchester submachine gun, which was a copy of the German MP28. To my knowledge, there is no 1949 model. Good observation, first comes to mind danish blueprint for sten trigger naming it falsely to hide its true prupose; some kind of pump operating switch or such. Of course what lads were told in training and what was done on the battlefield are two different things (and my Old Man was in the RAF so didn’t have to fire the Sten in anger). [39] It gained nicknames such as "Plumber's Nightmare", "Plumber's Abortion", or "Stench Gun". The Sten The Legendary World War Ii British Submachine Gun. I agree. The gun’s enduring legacy was earned in World War II, during which it proved to be a vital part of America’s small arms arsenal. In order to rapidly equip a sufficient fighting force to counter the Axis threat, the Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield, was commissioned to produce an alternative. Introduced in 1944, the Mk V was a better-quality, more elaborate version of the Mk II. These SMGs were the workhorse of the British and United Kingdom forces throughout WWII to include many US, and Free French Resistance forces as well as Allied paratroopers and special operations units. However, a 1940 report stated that "Exaggerated reports about the unreliability [of the Sten] were usually related to the quality of manufacture. Stens in Finnish service saw limited usage by conscripts (notably combat swimmers) and were mostly stockpiled for use in a future mobilization. A silenced version of the M3 was also built as a response to a suppressed version of the STEN submachine gun, favored by the British Special Operations Executive. He continued to compete on a professional level, representing England instead of his native Poland, and by the 1950s or 60s he was still in possession of his two prototype submachine guns, which he could not legally own in Britain, so he converted them into semi-automatic carbines and sold them. “(…)still in the usual machines,lathe and milling machine range, also some welding etc, which make it more expensive than it could be(…)” Submachine Guns of World War II. For general interest the size of the Sten receiver tube was chosen because it is the size of the Vickers tripod legs of which they had in stock. I keep hearing that this 2nd prototype was trialed in 1949, and indeed it is often referred to as the BSA Experimental Model 1949, but it was in fact designed in 1947 and was trialed the same year. FNAB Model 1943 Submachine Gun (SMG) 10. W&S liked his pistol design so they worked on 3 different prototype models that were submitted to the British Army for trials. Wear and manufacturing tolerances could render these safety devices ineffective. Maybe they had some ideas of keeping it in their inventory and use it way past ww2, in that case that replaceability friendly features would be good, if you plan to have that wonderful gun in your inventories for 10-20-30 years. These were one of the most widely used and prolific manufactured submachine guns produced during WWII. Approximately 4.5 million Stens in all their variants were produced during the Second World War. A result of the manufacturer Lines Bros Ltd stating it could build a modified design that was quicker and cheaper to build than the Mk II, it was a simplification of the Mk I made both in Canada and the UK, and Lines Bros Ltd was the largest manufacturer. The legendary British, World War II STEN submachine gun is featured in this concise, illustrated book. I wrote the content on a website called firearms.96.lt and I semi-regularly write on my blog at http://augfc.tumblr.com/. Thanks. The Sten underwent various design improvements over the course of the war. AS the video points out the magazine on a submachine gun is the most important part. This should be delivert with the plane to Abyssinia but get not there befor Abyssinia was overrun by the Italians and Selassie had get in to exile in England. Carbon buildup on the face of the breech[16] or debris in the bolt raceway could cause a failure to fire, while a dirty chamber could cause a failure to feed. British Infantry Weapons. It just won’t go. one bright january day I decided to go fox hunting with my sten Modern 9 mm magazines, such as those used by the Sterling SMG, are curved and feed both sides to avoid this problem. Britain was on the path to utopia and was nearly caught out by WWII. It did not get very far as I understand. -ППС-10П by Simonov (1950) for 9×18 4 Lee–Enfield rear sight and the weapon was of better quality manufacture and finish than the Mk II and Mk III. Hispano Argentina Sten gun. It was even more efficient to build than the Mk.II gun, and there are generational improvements to the Mk.II as well – for example the “T-Stock” of the Mk.II giving way to a bent wire stock (as seen on the Mk.III) and so on. Naw. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choroszmanów_submachine_gun. This was also the intention around which the EM1 and EM2 were developed, but the hope of appealing to the American top brass lead to a much larger .280 round than the ideal calibre committee was suggesting (they suggested .25 to .27). Armament Research Services (ARES) is a specialist technical intelligence consultancy, offering expertise and analysis to a range of government and non-government entities in the arms and munitions field. 3 and 5 stens and the Sterling. -Allow easier training – it should be easier to learn to switch that to get SINGLE or AUTO, rather than how to pull to produce single shot from full-auto weapon. Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). I don’t think the French and Belgian designers were ever assigned any submachine gun projects. Without the loading tool the Sten magazines are almost impossibly to fully load. “(…)by some percentage studies in France only something like less than few percent of population were in it(…)” Enter your email address to receive notifications of new posts by email. The magazine had two columns of 9 mm cartridges in a staggered arrangement, merging at the top to form a single column. The suppressor heated up rapidly when the weapon was fired, and a canvas cover was laced around the suppressor for protection for the firer's supporting hand. Note the 'Ballester Molina' type trigger section. Jurek had a fourth in the works but never finished it. The Crossword Solver found 20 answers to the british submachine gun crossword clue. Select fire in a military SMG is an almost useless feature, rarely used in practice. Thank you for correction! Hope you enjoyed the SASC collection at Warminster. However, the open-bolt firing mechanism, short barrel, and use of pistol ammunition severely restricted accuracy and stopping power, with an effective range of only around 100m, compared to 500m for the Lee–Enfield rifle. British police use (or at least used until recently) the MP5 but I’ve also seen some with H&K UMPs. The MCEM-6 was an improved version of the MCEM-2, designed by Lt. Ichnatowicz (another Polish exile). [citation needed]. The Sterling magazine could be easily loaded without a loading tool. The same was true of the Polish team: the Polish rifle designers were headed by Jansen and the Polish submachine gun designers were headed by Podsenkowski. If the magazine had been better, there is a very good chance the Madsen would have won the trials. However, this ugly weapon worked (most of the time) and there were plenty of dead Nazis that proved the weapon through and through. Re the design of the Sterling magazine with the roller follower – this magazine was also used with the Australian F1 SMG, and I have read that with time and usage, the rolling of the cartridges induced by the roller-follower causes abnormal wear in the chamber, resulting in reliability problems. In addition to its use in the European Theatre, the Mk IIS saw service with clandestine units in the Southwest Pacific Area (SWPA) such as the Services Reconnaissance Department and SOE's Force 136 on operations against the Imperial Japanese Army. I, II, IIS, III, IV, V, VI Having […], Mark I Mark II Designed in 1939 by S&W engineer Edward Pomeroy, the S&W Light Rifle is an extremely well manufactured but rather poorly thought out carbine. Not much to say – basically the Madsen was considered one of the best weapons during the post-war submachine gun trials. The M38 was made in 9x19mm and 7.62×25mm Tokarev variants. Mp40 at least I suppose ave seen great amount of battles in Eastern front against “invading bolshevik asiatic hordes. 1943. [41] This was particularly true of early Stens using bronze bolts, where the sear projection underneath the bolt could wear down more easily than ones made of case-hardened steel. 😉. The slot on the side of the body where the cocking knob ran was also a target of criticism, as the long opening could allow foreign objects to enter. I work for a sheet-metal fabrication company. Adopted and used are two different things. Nevel Shute in his book Slide Roule told the story that during the Italian Abyssinian war the Emperor Haile Selassie brought a plane the Airspeed Viceroy from his firm to bomb the habour that the Italian used to supply there army. The Sten emerged while Britain was engaged in the Battle of Britain, facing invasion by Germany. I’m not sure about the other services. Others sub-machine guns were developed in 1990s aswell. L2A3 served with the Canadians as well as C1 SMG. The barrel was fixed and the body was welded shut along the centre of the top. The MCEM-3 was the ONLY British-made MCEM to be accepted into military trials and it was rejected very quickly. This particular weapon is held by the historical weapons collection of the British Army's Infantry and Small Arms School Corps in Warminster, Wiltshire.[21]. The Sten submachine gun was a weapon developed for use by British and Commonwealth forces during World War II, while the Lee-Enfield Rifle was the standard issue. In the 1950s "L numbering" came into use in the British Army for weapons—Stens were then known as L50 (Mk II), L51 (Mk III) and L52 (Mk V). Could you drop me an email? The selection is always changing, with new models added weekly. For detailed photos of the guns in this video, don’t miss the ARES companion blog post. Hastily contrived in the early, desperate days of World War II, it looked like a last-ditch effort to arm British troops. British, Canadian, and Chinese Stens were seen in the hands of the communists during the Korean and Vietnam Wars.[24]. Nevertheless, it was fascinating to see these guns “in the flesh” as it were rather than some grainy old photograph. Excellent and informative points. Of general interest in the vein of John’s comment above, the Mk.III is a stamped receiver and the weld bar at the top is what happens after it’s stamped out, wrapped around the form and closed up. Oh, yeah… right. There is no breech locking mechanism, the rearward movement of the bolt caused by the recoil impulse is arrested only by the mainspring and the bolt's inertia. By Will Dabbs, MD. Support troops either carried a rifle, if possible, or in some cases a pistol. First off I just want to say I loved the video but I feel I should offer a few corrections regarding the topic of the experimental British submachine guns that were looked at after WWII. Famous for its use by British elite forces, as well as the French underground during WWII, variants of the STEN were manufactured and used by many countries during the war and up through the 1970s. A common statement heard from British forces at the time was that the Sten was made "by Marks and Spencer out of Woolworth. It was only with the outbreak of hostilities that the need for such a weapon suddenly became apparent and its acquisition became a military priority. If not for adoption maybe at least as control sample? I would be… cautious, about all statistic data about Resistance. Refurbishment at the Kuopio Arsenal included bluing of the arms. -Wanting to avoid ammunition waste [20] It was a much rougher weapon than the Mk I. Too few to make any assumptions. The Army came very close to ordering thousands of Madsen guns specifically for this purpose but, as we know, Winston Churchill dropped the EM-2 to satisfy NATO and thus the Army had to make good on their deal with Sterling to adopt the Patchett gun. 1-2 inches ? The hammer spring in the grip created a delay which would allow time for the recoil from the bolt to die down between shots. [40] There are other accounts of the Sten's unreliability, some of them true, some exaggerated and some which are apocryphal. By this time the Madsen’s magazine had been improved and the Madsen was the best weapon, but the Army had already decided on the Patchett. This was very similar to the regular Mark II, with a different stock ('skeleton' type instead of strut type) and improved quality of manufacture. Much of the production could be performed by small workshops, with the firearms assembled at the Enfield site. “Not every country had an issued SMG by 1939, but virtually everyone had at least been working on experimental concepts – except the British” On an additional note, I should point out that there were a whole host of very unusual and interesting weapons that were slated to replace the Sten, all of which I have at least some information on. Sten is simplified but still in the usual machines,lathe and milling machine range, also some welding etc, which make it more expensive than it could be. Tests were run on the MCEM series, on BSA guns, on interesting prototypes like the double-stack-magazine Vesely V42 – but it was George Patchett’s much improved Sten which would be chosen and come to be known as the Sterling SMG (named after it’s manufacturer). A very good video with lots of well informed comment following. This is an excellent overview of British subgun design and I have to admit, I was and still am to some degree an admirer of them. -ПП-71 (Драгунов) SHOP ALL British Machine Guns. In the summer of 1940 the British Government began to look seriously at the sub­machine gun question, and in August a decision was taken to put into production a copy of the German MP28 from WW1, an order for 50,000 weapons being contemplated. The Sten, especially the Mark II, tended to attract affection and loathing in equal measure. After WW2 the ideal number of SMGs in a squad was increased further and reached five in the late 1950s, although only first line infantry was so equipped. This was the first simplification of the Mk I. "[19], Sten guns were produced in several basic marks (though the Mk I saw limited service, and the Mk IV was never issued), and nearly half of the total produced were Mark II versions. In addition to regular British and Commonwealth military service, Stens were air-dropped in quantity to resistance fighters and partisans throughout occupied Europe. Looking at the Mk2, I can tell you that, apart from the springs and barrel, we could blast those out by the hundreds per shift. Another variant of the Mk V had a swivel stock and rear sight mirror intended for firing around corners in urban warfare, similar to the Krummlauf developed by the Germans for the StG 44. STENs provided surpressive fire while infantrymen moved to close range in flanking moves, and were actually ok in that role out to over 200 yards. III versions. The opposing side also used (mostly British-made) Stens, particularly the irregular and semi-regular Arab Liberation Army.[44]. It was designed by Jerzey Podsenkowski who was working at the Polish design team at RSAF Enfield during the war. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues. Owing to their tendency to overheat, they were fired in short bursts or single shots.[29]. Was MAT-49 present in these trials? He insisted that this was not allowed as it would rock the magazine to-and-fro when shooting and cause the flimsy magazines to mis-feed. Typically chambered with pistol cartridges, such weapons gave extra firepower to NCOs, squad leaders, and scouts during the Second World War. The purchaser of these weapons in turn sold them to an American company called Services Armament Corp. As far as I can tell, Services Armament Corp. never attempted producing the prototypes. Ceska Zbrojovka ZK-383 Submachine Gun (SMG) / Squad Support Weapon. One of the more notable instances of this was the assassination of SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich on 27 May 1942, when a Czechoslovak soldier—Warrant Officer Jozef Gabčík—wanted to fire his Sten point blank at Heydrich, only to have it misfire. For example, the Mark 4 cocking handle and corresponding hole drilled in the receiver were created to lock the bolt in the closed position to reduce the likelihood of unintentional discharges inherent in the design. I read comments after – they are pretty pointed against person of Churchill. That’s where the Sterling SMG filled the gap in the West (British forces used AR15s in the far East) for the next 30 or 35 years until SA80. This may be some time back, but the appearance of them in one form or the other at other continent’s airports did not go away as yet. However the EM-2 was too expensive to equip all units with and the Army still wanted to buy submachine guns for certain roles, i.e. 9. Marian K. Jurek was quite a remarkable figure – not just a firearms designer, but a top-class shot too. My father was in the RAF during WW2 and he was trained to shoot the Sten, when firing full auto from the hip, by letting the magazine rest on the left for-arm and holding left hand ON TOP of the front grip with the left hand PALM DOWN. [26] The biggest difference from the Mark II was the unification of the receiver, ejection port, and barrel shroud that now extended farther up the barrel. Due to technology used PPD was more popular as starting point for copying (three other mentioned used stamping). Wrapping the barrel in wet rags would delay undesirable overheating of the barrel. The whole MCEM project was a bit of a complex affair and I’d be happy to answer any questions about it. Why they reached so low technically speaking, is testimony of pressure they were under. [20], The first ever Mk I Sten gun (number 'T-40/1' indicating its originator Harold Turpin, the year 1940 and the serial number "1") was handmade by Turpin at the Philco Radio works at Perivale, Middlesex during December 1940/January 1941. The submachine gun was developed during World War I as close quart It was slowly withdrawn from British Army service in the 1960s and replaced by the Sterling SMG; Canada also phased out the Sten, replacing it with the C1 SMG. The Stens would regularly jam, very hard to fire of a magazine without a jam. The Madsen has always seemed to me to be one of the slickest low-cost SMG designs, especially the later M53 with the grip safety (instead of the off hand safety) and barrel jacket/bayonet mount. Patchett was designed to be used as “main” weapon of soldier – or in other words – that most frequent used one (at least from doctrine point of view), today most military sub-machine guns are full-filling role of PDW – weapon used only in DIRE need, thus today sub-machine guns are generally more compact and lighter, additionally modern sub-machine gun are more advanced one, which make it more complicated, but gives also gives advantages (for example H&K MP5 use closed bolt instead of open, which gives accuracy). At that time none was adopted, but 2 were reactivated in 1990s and after some updates: Since introduction of AK and AKS, tradition of having “full-size” and “folding-stock” versions continues. Don Handscombe and his comrades in the Thundersley Patrol of the Auxiliary Units rated them more reliable than the Thompson SMG. The Sten saw use even after the economic crunch of World War II, replacing the Royal Navy's Lanchester submachine guns into the 1960s, and was used in the Korean War, including specialist versions for British Commandos. Watch; 1941 CHURCHILL Takes aim with a Sten Submachine Gun PHOTO (192-R) $5.97. Legacy Collectibles has a great selection of WW2 guns for sale, including all different types of pistols from WWII. The Sten was more dangerous to its users than most infantry weapons, but all weapons are dangerous. They had the Lanchester as an issued weapon. The anti-firearms sentiment spilled over onto government ministers. He would get out of his arm chair and adopt the pose to show the correct way to shoot a Sten!!!! IV's cocking handle was designed to prevent this by enabling the bolt to be locked in its forward position, thereby immobilising it. Lee-Enfield Rifle. When I was in the British army I fired the Mk 2. Also, a special catch allowed the magazine to be slid partly out of the magazine housing and the housing rotated 90 degrees counter-clockwise (from the operator's perspective), together covering the ejection opening and allowing the weapon and magazine both to lie flat on its side. Famous for its use by British elite forces, as well as the French underground during WWII, variants of the STEN were manufactured and used by many countries during the war and up through the 1970s. was more susceptible to dinging compared to seamless tube original one. The barrel sleeve extended all the way to the end, where it met the flash hider. As a machine gun must fire rifle cartridges to be classified as such, submachine guns are not considered machine guns. This, along with rough handling could result in deformation of the magazine lips (which required a precise 8° feed angle to operate), resulting in misfeeding and a failure to fire. Stoppages could occur for a variety of reasons: some as a result of poor maintenance, while others were particular to the Sten. It takes its name from the last names of its designers, Major Reginald V. S hepherd and Harold J. T urpin, and En field. Sub machine guns like the Sten would not be issued until mid-1941. A removable barrel was now provided which projected 3 inches (76 mm) beyond the barrel sleeve. The Sten has been described by Max Hastings as: "highly unreliable, prone to jamming, and inaccurate beyond 30 metres. Combined with the fact the Mark III was more prone to failure than the Mark II, production of the weapon ceased in September 1943. So really, it was right back to the MP28, just in a new package. [17] This proved useful in desert environments such as the Western Desert Campaign, where lubricating oil retained dust and sand. But the theory makes sense to me. The project was canned because Enfield wanted to invest more time and resources into the EM rifle project. The first model had a conical flash hider and fine finish. 6 minute read. This was solved by acquiring and copying the German MP28/II, which was quickly followed by a simplification program that would lead to the MkI, MkI*, and ultimately MkII and MkIII Sten guns. Your email address will not be published. The Mk II Sten is an icon of the Second World War and should be part of any WW2 collection or display. The Brits adopted the MP-5 in the 1980s for use by the SAS. At 16 running foxes and full auto seemed to go together even though I never touched a fox, Getting over a snow covered fence I dropped the sten butt first on a a hard snow crust WITH THE BOLT FORWARD BUT NOT LOCKED AND THE MAG LOADED 1944. Thus it was very easy to control at a fire rate of 350rpm. The MK II and MK III Stens were regarded by many soldiers as very temperamental, and could accidentally discharge if dropped or even laid on the ground whilst the gun was cocked.
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