Alpha Phi assists college women in making informed choices to reach their highest potential. Zeta Beta's History Alpha Phi’s Zeta Beta chapter was established at Loyola Marymount in 1976 as the first sorority on campus – making our chapter the First & the Finest! Alpha Phi Alpha, the first intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity established for African-Americans, was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York by seven college men who recognized the need for a strong bond of Brotherhood among African descendants in this country. It not only serves as a fraternal archive, but a platform for thought leaders on issues relevant to our community. [The Ivy Leaf, Introduction to Alpha Phi: An Official Publication of Alpha Phi Fraternity, Inc.]. Collegiate chapters of Alpha Phi host a philanthropy event known as Red Dress Gala (also called "Red Dress Ball" or "Aphiasco" by some chapters), which includes a silent auction, guest speakers, and a full dinner for sisters, alumni, and family. Alpha Phi's founding members were: Martha Emily Foote Crow – Martha "Mattie" Foote Crow (1854 – January 1, 1924) was an educator and writer. Alpha Phi was founded at Syracuse University by ten of the first nineteen women admitted to the newly opened university. Accepting Applications for Spring 2021 New Members. Alpha Phi was the first sorority to use traveling delegates to monitor chapters. Below is an audio and video presentation of a message delivered to the organization by one of its founders -- Ferdinand F. DiBartolo. At the time of the founding there were only 666 women attending Syracuse; ten of them eventually formed of Alpha Phi to found an organization "on the principles of the promotion of growth in character; unity of feeling, sisterly affection, and social communion among the members." Don’t forget to […] 0:54. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. is the first Greek letter college fraternity founded by and for African American men. Is. Traditionally, the collegiate members wear red dresses to represent their support for Women's Heart Health. The Pledge. Alpha Phi Foundation is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization dedicated to … Brave hearts filled with a noble purpose whose eyes saw clearly into the future…At a time when society looked upon women only as daughters, wives, and mothers and therefore not in need of higher education our ten founders were pioneers of the coeducational system. will host the inaugural Founders’ Week celebration from November 6-13, 2020. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. is the first Greek letter college fraternity founded by and for African American men. These students included … The Lafayette College faculty approved the petition for recognition. Our Legacy of Leaders Week kicks off TONIGHT with the start of Learning Lab for our South and West quadrant chapters! "[6] Although the actual founding date is September 18, 1872, Alpha Phi has been celebrating their Founders Day on October 10 since 1902, since many colleges and universities were not open for classes in mid-September at that time. Our founders were women with brave hearts that were filled with a noble purpose and with eyes that saw clearly into the future. The Founding Fathers of Pi Alpha Phi hailed primarily from the state of California. Jewels of APA Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Saved by Alpha ... Alpha Phi's Founders. 1955. The group initially consisted of 15 students and included women. The junior class fraternities, Alpha Delta Phi, Psi Upsilon, and Delta Kappa Epsilon, pledged men secretly during the students' first two years, and initiated them at the end of their sophomore year. Happy Founders’ Day to all brothers everywhere! Vidéos connexes. About Alpha Phi Foundation Thanks to the generosity of alumnae and donors, Alpha Phi Foundation supports Alpha Phi Fraternity, its members, and the communities in which they reside in the pursuit of advancing women’s lives now and into the future. Alpha Phi was founded at Syracuse University by ten of the first nineteen women admitted to the newly opened university. He received his college and professional training at Howard and Frelinghuysen University in Washington, D.C. The seven remarkable men who founded the Fraternity on December 4, 1906, were scholars at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. by Alexander | Apr 6, 2014 | Alpha Phi Alpha | 0 comments Henry Arthur Callis became a practicing physician, Howard University Professor of Medicine and prolific contributor tmedical journals. Alpha Phi Day of Service; Founders' Day; Alpha Phi Leadership Institute; Leadership Conference; Convention. [21], In January 2018, three members of the Iota Iota chapter at the George Washington University were removed from the organization due to a racist social media post. At the time, Kazantsev was serving the chapter as head of recruitment. Alpha Phi was founded at Syracuse University by ten of the first nineteen women admitted to the newly opened university. Graduate Newspaper Clipping, c. January 1954. Given the time period of the fraternity's foundation, it is important to note the significance of their accomplishment. Founders of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., December 4, 1906. Alpha Phi is the third largest women's sorority and one of only three international sororities with 150 chapters in the US and Canada. Self-nominations are also accepted. Weiser's poor health forced him to leave Yale in 1847 and return home to York. On this Founders Day, remember to connect with your brothers. Alpha Phi considers itself a women's fraternity because its founding date predates the invention of the word "sorority". The term “Jewels” has been adopted by the Fraternity as its official designation for its founders. On December 16, 1925, I conducted the Ritual Initiation at Brainerd Hall, second floor, and Alpha Phi Omega was born. Alpha Phi was the first NPC group to establish a presence on the World Wide Web. The Xi chapter was established at the University of Toronto in 1906. Convention 2020; Convention 2018; Training Events. The innovative leadership and organizational practices of Alpha Phi's Founders in 1872 set the spirit for the Alpha Phi of today ... a sisterhood that values the past but looks forward to the progress offered by the future. Elmer Leong, George Lee, and D. Wing Tom were from the San Francisco Bay Area. In 2013, Miss America 2015 Kira Kazantsev was terminated from the Theta Mu chapter at Hofstra University for abusive hazing. Tim Jang, Wing Chan, and his younger brother Chack Chan came from the Central Valley of California. your own Pins on Pinterest .. Alpha Phi's Founders. On September 18, 1872, these ten women initiated themselves into Alpha Phi. Alpha Phi has over 175 active alumnae chapters. In 1872, our founders set the standard for the Alpha Phi of today; a sisterhood that values the past, but looks forward to the progress offered by the future. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion Prior to the adoption of the current badge in 1906, "each member [of Alpha Phi] went to the jeweler of her choice to have her pin designed. According to Alexandra Robbins, it also has a "secret" motto, "A.O.E."[12]. Provided the leadership to extend the Fraternity to 18 campuses. These were the Original Ten, the founders of Alpha Phi. The Founding Fathers of Pi Alpha Phi hailed primarily from the state of California. 14. ", Fifty-Year Pin – "The first fifty-year pins, silver circles with red stones, were presented at the 42nd Convention in 1958 to several alumnae who had given significant service to the fraternity for 50 years or more. Alpha Phi assists college women in making informed choices to reach their highest potential, and we focus our community on these four core values. The very heart of Alpha Phi membership is connected by a common set of ideals. On this day 114 years ago, the greatest fraternity ever was created, and the devoted aims of Manly Deeds, Scholarship, and Love for All Mankind would begin to be forever upheld… From the 138th House, here’s to the OLDEST and the COLDEST! We chose Alpha Phi Alpha for men, regardless of family, for what they themselves are doing, what they can do for the future of the fraternity." Alpha Phi is a true "international" sorority. Ensign on the minesweeper USS Whippoorwill during World War I. A.B. Initially, he was reluctant to become involved with the founding of Alpha Sigma Phi, but was convinced by Louis Manigault and later viewed as one of the three founders of the new organization. It is through these and other programs that Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity has remained at the forefront of political, economic, and social uplift in the African American community. Three of our founders were listed in Who's Who of America: Clara Bradley Burdette, Martha Foote Crow, and Rena Michaels Atchison. At the start of the 20th century, African-American students at American universities were often excluded from fraternal organizations enjoyed by the predominantly white student population at non-black colleges. RELATED ITEM: Dr. Burdette, 98, Dies: Oldest S.U. Her college expelled her", "Racially insensitive photo sparks outrage at George Washington University", "Letter detailing Nationals-sanctioned superficial rush process causes unrest in U community", "Old Dominion sorority under investigation for racist allegations", "Sorority Women Who Competed - An Alpha Phi is Miss USA 2015", "Miss Kansas Hannah Wagner coming to Mac", North American fraternity and sorority housing, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpha_Phi&oldid=998966501, Student organizations established in 1872, Articles needing additional references from June 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with peacock terms from January 2017, Articles lacking reliable references from January 2007, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [5] Alpha Phi's international headquarters are located in Evanston, Illinois. Alpha Phi Foundation was founded in 1956. The Alpha Phi Pledge was written in 1892 by Geneve Gwynn Wiley, (A - Syracuse). [18], In October 2016, the Iota Delta chapter at the University of Rhode Island charter was revoked for at least four years. Alpha Phi is the fourth oldest national women's sorority. Alpha Phi International Women's Fraternity (ΑΦ, also known as APhi) is an international sorority with 172 active chapters and over 250,000 initiated members. My purpose was to make Alpha Phi Omega an organization for college men who cooperated with all youth movements, especially scouting. The mascot of Alpha Phi, the Phi Bear, is named after Ursa Major, the Great Bear, and was adopted in 1974. New member Badge – "In 1898 the Fraternity adopted a special badge to honor her newest members. Collegiate chapters, alumnae chapters and individual members can nominate a local heart project for the Heart to Heart Grant. Syracuse University, May 1990. Convention 2020; Convention 2018; Training Events. FRANK REED HORTON. Today, we are celebrating Founders Day! To learn more about the great legacy of Alpha Phi, check out www.alphaphi.org. See more ideas about aka sorority, alpha kappa alpha sorority, alpha kappa alpha. Retrouvez Alpha Phi Alpha Founders: Eugene Kinckle Jones, Henry Arthur Callis, Vertner Woodson Tandy, Charles Henry Chapman, Nathaniel Allison Murray et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. Click Here to Inquire Load More Message from our Founders. He served as Grand Polemarch for the first six consecutive years of the Fraternity's existence. Founded at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York on September 18, 1872,[3][4] it is the fourth Greek-letter organization founded for women, and the first women's fraternity founded in the northeast. We strive to be the philanthropy-of-choice among our members, with every Alpha Phi … [23], In January 2019, the Alpha Phi chapter at Old Dominion University was accused of racist behavior within the members of the sorority. "Martha Foote Crow Papers: an inventory of her papers at Syracuse University". Welcome to Phi Alpha Xi Sorority, Inc. We are thrilled you are here and are excited to show you what Phi Alpha Xi Sorority is all about. Our Noble Founders Elder Watson Diggs, born in Christian County, Kentucky, was a graduate of Indiana State Normal (now Indiana State Teachers College) and Indiana University, the birthplace of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity. Often regarded as the “philosopher of the founders,” and a moving force in the Fraternity’s development, he was the only one of the “Cornell Seven” to become General President. In the 1850s, Psi Upsilon and Delta Kappa Epsilon eclipsed the older fraternity Alpha Delta Phi, and battled unrelentingly for the most promising pledges. Our Founders. The recipient is selected by a team of medical professionals and the Foundation Board of Directors. Vietnam War. As a preeminent philanthropic organization, Alpha Phi Foundation is recognized for the strength of our endowment and for innovation in cultivating and sustaining donor participation. Browse through our site to learn more. Rossiter, Margaret W. "Doctorates for American Women, 1868–1907. It can be customized in silver or gold or adorned with only white jewels - pearls or diamonds. Alpha Phi is the fourth oldest national women's sorority. ", Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, promotes the subject in a subjective manner, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, List of social fraternities and sororities, http://library.syr.edu/digital/guides/print/crow_mf_prt.htm, "Alpha Phi First Fifty Years 1872-1922 Page 22", "Heart to Heart Grant Recipients - Alpha Phi Foundation", "Miss America engaged in 'dirty pledging' at Hofstra University sorority: report - NY Daily News", "Sorority Video Generates Charges of Discrimination", http://www.providencejournal.com/news/20161031/uri-revokes-sororitys-charter-following-alcohol-violation, "Harley Barber's mom says daughter is degrading herself, OK with punishment", "She recorded herself making racial slurs on MLK Day. In honor of our founding day, P.A.D. With our network of Venture Partners (Entrepreneurs and CXOs) we identify and evaluate high growth early stage companies sector agnostic. Pursuing their studies in a thoroughly male-dominated environment, these women had a pressing need for friends who could sympathize with each other's problems and support each others' aspirations. Like many other women's fraternities, Alpha Phi recognizes multiple types of symbols, with the Ivy Leaf as their primary symbol. Alpha Phi was the first women's society to use Greek letters as an emblem. Alpha Phi built the world's first sorority house on the campus of Syracuse University in 1872. Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Inc. deliberately meets the needs of our community through active and impactful engagement. degree in history, Lafayette College in 1938. All were born in America with the exception of Wing Chan, who came from China at an early age. by Alexander | Apr 6, 2014 | Alpha Phi Alpha | 0 comments Henry Arthur Callis became a practicing physician, Howard University Professor of Medicine and prolific contributor tmedical journals. "[1] The Alpha Phi badge is worn by initiated members, as there is a separate badge for new members before their initiation. We are so grateful for the sisterhood our Founders created 147 years ago! KM. In celebration of Alpha Phi’s 150th Anniversary in 2022, we proudly share stories and moments that have created the legacy of sisterhood originally launched by our ten founders and which we still hold dear today. Alpha Phi was the first sorority to publish a book-length history. Clara Bradley Burdette, the last living Founder of Alpha Phi, dies at the age of 98. Rena A. Michaels Atchison – She served as a professor at several universities. Although the actual founding date is September 18, 1872, Alpha Phi has been celebrating their Founders Day on October 10 since 1902, since many colleges and universities were not open fo… ", 1993 – Program in Women's Cardiovascular Health –, 1997 – Presbyterian Healthcare Foundation's "Women's Heart Night Out" – sponsored by the Albuquerque Alumnae Chapter, 2001 – Allen Memorial Hospital – sponsored by the Epsilon Theta Chapter, University of Northern Iowa, 2002 and 2003 – Mercy Medical Center of Northern Iowa – sponsored by Kaitlin Maguire (Gamma Omicron, Drake University), 2008 – Events of the Heart of New York, NY, This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 21:31. Called the world's first inter-sorority meeting, a group that later became the National Panhellenic Conference. It has maintained the longest continuous presence in Canada of any sorority. Phi Alpha Xi Sorority, Inc. is represented by PHInomenal women and strong leaders who are paving their way into successful futures through community service, social activities, and professional development. [20] The incident gained media coverage across the country, University President Stuart R. Bell, the University Panhellenic Association, and Linda Kahangi, executive director of Alpha Phi International Fraternity released statements. Founders Day of Giving launches Friday October 9 at 6:00 AM Eastern. First National President of Alpha Phi Omega. These pins are replicas of the pins presented to the six living founders at the Fraternity's Fiftieth Anniversary Convention in 1922. In 1902, Alpha Phi pledged her first legacy when Ruth Gilbert Becker (Alpha-Syracuse)—daughter of Founder Kate Hogoboom Gilbert—joined Alpha Phi. Alpha Founders Capital (AFC) is a venture capital firm with focus on Indochina, particularly Thailand and Vietnam. The badge they selected is in the shape of an ivy leaf, set in silver pewter. Who. Alpha Phi is a member of the National Panhellenic Conference, the governing council of 26 women's fraternities. Published on December 6, 2019 December 6, 2019 • 28 Likes • 44 Comments "I pledge allegiance to Alpha Phi, Who has chosen me to uphold her high Ideals of womanhood and scholarship, And of service and to perpetuate her Spirit of sisterly love and kindness." Elmer Leong, George Lee, and D. Wing Tom were from the San Francisco Bay Area. At a time when society looked upon women only as daughters, wives, and mothers—and therefore not in need of higher education—our ten Founders were pioneers of the coeducational system. Feb 15, 2021 - Explore Shauntelle Douglas's board "Happy Founder’s Day" on Pinterest. [17], In 2015, the Beta Mu chapter at the University of Alabama took down a recruitment video that was heavily criticized for its lack of diversity and the provocative way in which collegiate women were portrayed. The Foundation supports programs and research that study heart disease in women – specifically its symptoms, its treatment and its prevention. Given racial attitudes in 1906, their accomplishments were monumental. A. Langston Taylor, the founder of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity, Inc., was born in Memphis, Tennessee. Learn about what it means to be an Alpha Phi. Together we are bonded by Alpha Phi’s common set of ideals: sisterhood, a spirit of generosity, high expectations for character and a drive for innovation. We have much to look forward to in 2017 with the inauguration of our 35th general president and the General Convention in Baltimore, Maryland on July 12 - 16, 2017, while remaining MISSION FOCUSED. The founders of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. were no ordinary achievers. Alpha Phi was founded in 1872 by 10 of the first 20 women to enter Syracuse University. During the organization stages of Alpha chapter, he was the first chairman of the Committees on Initiation and Organization.. Chapman entered the field of higher education and eventually became Professor of Agriculture Take a look around our website to learn about our outstanding members, philanthropy efforts, social activities and everything you need to know about the recruitment process. Our Founders. Our national programs and initiatives offer tangible examples of Love for all Mankind. Alpha Phi is pronounced Alpha "fee" (long "e") not "fie," because a Syracuse Greek professor informed our founding sisters that it was the correct Greek pronunciation. ", Alpha Phi's public motto is "union hand in hand". Choose from 500 different sets of alpha phi alpha founders flashcards on Quizlet. Laurent T. Chirurgien. Achetez Alpha Phi Alpha - Graffiti Founders Paddle by Craftique: Amazon.fr Livraison & retours gratuits possibles (voir conditions) The incident prompted criticism from national and international news sources and the University's Student Association received petitions to remove the chapter from campus. Today, legacies remain an integral part of the Alpha Phi story, and many daughters, granddaughters, great-granddaughters, step-sisters and sisters choose to follow their family’s footsteps and find a home in Alpha Phi. Individual Alpha Phi chapters are encouraged to develop a relationship with a local cardiac care project in their community as well as to promote awareness of women's heart disease. Founders’ Day of Giving will be observed on Tuesday, November 10, 2020 during Founders’ Week. This Founders Day, we celebrate 110 years of developing leaders, promoting academic excellence and providing service and advocacy. The 4th Annual P.A.D. One way the Foundation helps fund research and educational programs that support the improvement of women's heart health through its annual Heart to Heart Grant, a $100,000 award towards better understanding gender differences in heart health through increasing heart disease prevention and treatment in women. Throughout the recruitment process, active members in the sorority were also ranked on superficial qualities and matched with "stronger" or "weaker" PNMs. Throughout the past century, Alpha Epsilon Phi has built upon the foundation set by our seven Jewish founders. Born in Sackets Harbor, New York, she played an important role in the development of higher education for women in the United States. Learn alpha phi alpha founders with free interactive flashcards. Members of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., founded in 1906, celebrate their 112th anniversary founder’s day gala presented by the Alpha House, Inc. at the City Line Avenue Hilton on As founder Henry Arthur Callis euphemistically stated—because the half-dozen African American students at Cornell University during the school year 1904-05 did not return to campus the following year, the incoming students in 1905-06, in founding Alpha Phi Alpha, were determined to bind themselves together to ensure that each would survive in the racially hostile environment. Three of our founders were listed in Who's Who of America: Clara Bradley Burdette, Martha Foote Crow… The foundation raises and awards funds and grants for programs in leadership and academics, towards women's heart health, for members with financial needs, and for heritage preservation and education about philanthropy.[13]. An ever-growing vine, the ivy symbolizes the growth of the Alpha Phi sisterhood. Today is the day! Note: Texas Heart Institute has been awarded the grant twice, in 2013 and 2017. 1955 . Noté /5. In honor of Alpha Phi’s founding year, Founders Day of Giving offers 18 hours and 72 minutes to celebrate 148 years of remarkable women and to support Alpha Phi’s future. The Original Ten, the founders of Alpha Phi, were women of courageous vision and pioneering hearts. Charles Cardoza Poindexterorganized a group of students for literary discussion and social functions at Cornell University. The Alpha Phi badge is the Greek letter Alpha resting on the Greek letter Phi, engraved with the Greek acronym A.O.E. Our founders were women with brave hearts that were filled with a noble purpose and with eyes that saw clearly into the future. Jewel George Biddle Kelley, December 1933 "To say that your Founders met with discouragement is only putting the matter lightly. He graduated from the Howe Institute in 1909 which is now Lemoyne-Owen College in Memphis. The Sphinx is the official publication of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. ® and the second oldest African American publication in America. Tim Jang, Wing Chan, and his younger brother Chack Chan came from the Central Valley of California. International Foundation to continue delivering its mission – … These women are now known as Educational Leadership Consultants and District Governors. Make October 10 count for Alpha Phi! The Founders of Alpha Phi. We typically invest into late seed rounds. Our symbols: Fraternity Symbol. Joey Womack, a Spring 2000 initiate of FAMU’s Beta Nu Alpha Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. is working to bridge this gap and get founders of color the access to resources that they need through Goodie Nation, a company that he created in 2014 as part of his mission to help 1 billion people by 2023.. Goodie Nation recently partnered with Google For … Alpha’s Education Foundation continues the goal of the fraternity’s founders to encourage and support African Americans in their efforts to obtain college degrees. School officials are investigating the allegations and the chapter cannot currently hold functions of any kind at this time.[24]. As founder Henry Arthur Callis euphemistically stated—because the half-dozen African American students at Cornell University during the school year 1904-05 did not return to campus the following year, the incoming students in 1905-06, in founding Alpha Phi Alpha, were determined to bind themselves together to ensure that each would survive in the racially hostile environment. Nous y avons trouvé écoute, compréhension et surtout un accompagnement indéfectible depuis plus de 15 ans. Born in Sewickley, Penn., on July 17, 1896. Story #001: The First Convention. About Alpha Phi Foundation Thanks to the generosity of alumnae and donors, Alpha Phi Foundation supports Alpha Phi Fraternity, its members, and the communities in which they reside in the pursuit of advancing women’s lives now and into the future. The message is taken from an article he penned in the 1929 issue of The Magazine of Alpha Phi Delta (later called The Kleos). Honor Badge – These pins are worn by international officers, and presidents of college chapters while they are serving their reign as president. A tribute to the ten founding women of Alpha Phi. #06 P.S. Charles Henry Chapman was one of the seven founders (commonly referred to as Jewels) of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity at Cornell University in 1906. Alpha Phi nous a permis de donner une nouvelle dimension à nos objectifs de vie et nous a accompagné dans la mise en place de solutions au-delà de nos ambitions initiales. The number of television sets in the United States is at 32 million, up from just 3.1 million in 1950. [11] The official flowers are the Lily of the Valley and the Forget-me-not, and the fraternity lists its ideals as "Sisterhood, Generosity, Innovation, and Character. Alpha Phi Day of Service; Founders' Day; Alpha Phi Leadership Institute; Leadership Conference; Convention. With a fundraising goal of $15,000, donations made will enable Phi Alpha Delta and the P.A.D. Saved by Alpha Phi Foundation. For the last day of our Founders’ Week Campaign, we are highlighting our sister Allison Chanthavong from Epsilon Chapter, who is donating in honor of Lily Zhen (Beta Chapter), Theresa Medina (Epsilon Chapter), and Christine Nguyen (Delta Chapter)! They are most humbly referred to as the "Jewels" of the fraternity. Alpha Phi Alpha, the first intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity established for African-Americans, was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York by seven college men who recognized the need for a strong bond of Brotherhood among African descendants in this country. Jan 6th, 1954. Alpha Phi was founded on September 18th, 1872 by ten women who were extremely passionate about the establishment of sisterhood values, and friendship beyond measure. Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance. Alpha Phi enhances and promotes each member's development and learning by focusing on sisterhood, service, scholarship, love, loyalty and character development. In honor of our founding year, Founders Day of Giving is an 18-hour and 72-minute online giving campaign to celebrate all the ways Alpha Phi … Alpha Phi was the first sorority to establish a foundation, The Alpha Phi Foundation, in 1957. Rena A. Michaels Atchison – She served as a professor at several universities.
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